Access Environmental Studies Materials/Notes PDF Download 2024
Syllabus
UNIT – I
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance –Sustainability: Stockholm and Rio Summit–Global Environmental Challenges: Global warming and climate change, Carbon Credits, acid rains, ozone layer depletion, population growth and explosion, effects. Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. – Structure and function of an ecosystem. – Producers, consumers and decomposers. – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession. – Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems.
UNIT – II
Natural Resources: Natural resources and associated problems Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, Sustainable mining of Granite, Literate, Coal, Sea and River sands.
Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by non-agriculture activities-effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources Vs Oil and Natural Gas Extraction. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, Wasteland reclamation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
UNIT – III
Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity- classification – Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social- Biodiversity at national and local levels. India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-spots of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT – IV
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Nuclear hazards. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. – Pollution case studies, Sustainable Life Studies. Impact of Fire Crackers on Men and his well being. Solid Waste Management: Sources, Classification, effects and control measures of urban and industrial solid wastes. Consumerism and waste products, Biomedical, Hazardous and e – waste management.
UNIT – V
Social Issues and the Environment: Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rain water harvesting-Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Environmental Protection Act – Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. –Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act-Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.
Environmental Studies Materials/Notes PDF Download 2024
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